Ch. 8 HW

HW: 8a 1,4,5,8,9 & 8b 2,4,5

COMMANDS

2nd person Commands

1. Positive: imperative
Fac id et narra nobis. Do it and tell us.
2. Negative: noli/nolite + pres. infin.
Noli dicere! Don't speak!

1st and 3rd person Commands

1. Positive: jussive/hortatory subjunctive
Eamus! Let's go!
2. Negative: jussive/hortatory subjunctive after ne (neve/neu...neve...neu)
Neu exeat neu exire conetur. Let him not leave nor try to leave.

But beware of English like "Let him go."
It might mean:
A. "May he go." (Eat!) --a mild command or suggestion that he leave
or
B. "Allow him to go." (Permitte eum ire.) -- a command to permit him to leave

2nd person Negative Commands

Sometimes represented with ne and prohibitive subjunctive (typically perfect)

Ne abieris! Don't go away!
Neve dixeris neve quicquam egeris. Don't talk or do anything.

Multiple Command with Negative(s)

If two or more are negative, link them with neve/neu.
Neu abeat neu abieris! Let neither him nor you go away!

If one is negative, list it last with preceeding neque.
Veni neque plus me rogaveris. Come and don't ask me more.

Future Imperative

Present stem + to (s.) or + tote (pl.) makes the so called future imperative form. Don't worry about it now--it is archaic, legalistic, and religious in tone.

Special Note on Verbs

Sometimes English will use a verb intransitively (i.e. with a preposition), though the Latin translation will have a transitive verb taking a regular direct object.

I wait for him. Eum exspecto.
I am amazed at you. Te miror.
He is looking for us. Nos petit.
You ask me for gold. Aurum me rogas.