Ch. 35

HW: 35A 1-7, 35B 3,4 and for extra credit do the following:
Compose an English sentence with a purpose infinitive and then translate it into Latin using an accusative supine.


This chapter is mostly just review of previous ways to translate an English infinitive "to verb" in different contexts.

New Supines and Result Clause after "too"

The new constructions are the accusative supine (4th pp with -um), which is another way to show purpose in Latin, and the result clause in an expression like "too weak to lift the rock".

The supine is a 4th declension masculine verbal noun (not a participle though it looks like the perfect passive participle) usually made from the fourth principal part stem with a -um accusative ending. Here are some accusative examples: monitum, ductum, captum, pugnatum.

Accusatve Supine Sentences

Venit nos visum. He came to see us.
Caesar milites pabulatum mittit. Caesar is sending soldiers to forage.
*Note that the accusative supine is most commonly used with verbs with meanings like: come, go, leave, and send--the same kinds of verbs that also often use a relative clause of purpose.

"too x to y"

We ran too slowly to escape the enemy.
Change to one of the following constructions before translating into Latin:
Option 1 (from your book):
Rephrased: We ran more slowly than that we might escape the enemy.
*Note that this sounds nonsensical or at least really awkward in English but is good Latin.
Tardius cucurrimus quam ut hostes effugeremus. (result clause after comparative)

Option 2 (my alternative):
Rephrased: We did not run so fast as to escape the enemy.
Non tam celeriter cucurrimus ut hostes effugeremus. (negative main clause)


PURPOSE OPTIONS IN LATIN

Remember Latin never uses a purpose infinitive like English! With the accusative supine we now have all the main ways of showing purpose in Latin.

Purpose Clause (the only one used for negative purpose)
...ut/ne videat. "so that he may (not) see"

Relative Purpose Clause
...qui videat. "so that he may (not) see"

Gerunds/Gerundives with ad
ad videndum "to see", ad nos videndos "to see us"

Gerunds/Gerundives with causa/gratia
videndi causa "for the sake of seeing", videndi Caesaris gratia "for the sake of seeing Caesar"

Dative of Purpose/Predicative Dative (dative usually of a noun with verbal idea, object, if any, will be objective genitive)
auxilio "for help", munificationi castrorum, "for the (purpose of) fortification of the camp"

Accusative of Supine
visum "to see", nos visum "to see us"