Ch. 23

HW: 23A 1,2,5,10; 23B 1,3,6,7 and the following:

Create one sentence with a negative fear clause. Give your English version and then translate into normal Latin. (This one is worth 5 points EC if you do it perfectly.)


FEAR CLAUSES

The formation of Fear Clauses is very similar to Purpose/Final Clauses and to Indirect Commands. They use subjunctive verbs following the sequence of tenses.

In English Fear Clauses will begin with "that" or "lest".

Though it may seem backwards, ne introduces a positive fear clause and ut introduces a negative fear clause ("that..not...").

Many fear clauses are set in a later time relative to the main verb. These typically take present (in primary sequence) or imperfect (in secondary) subjunctive.

Examples:
I feared lest he win (that he would win).
Timebam ne vinceret. (secondary sequence)
They are afraid lest you leave. (that you will leave).
Verentur ne discedas. (primary sequence)

Other fear clauses are set in the same or earlier time than the main verb.

I am afraid that he is not here now.
Timeo ut nunc adsit. (primary)
You feared that we had already left.
Veritus es ne iam discessissemus. (secondary)